In western europe, the chief political repercussion of frequent viking raids was
- the strengthening of centralized royal authority.
- an increase in the power of the church.
- an increase in the power of local aristocrats to whom threatened populations turned for effective protection.
- a decline in the power of local aristocrats whose inability to stop the raids drove ordinary people into royal cities.

- an increase in the power of local aristocrats to whom threatened populations turned for effective protection.

Explanation:

The Viking leader, Hálfdan,  led the Viking army to a conquest of Mercia in 874 AD, organised a parcelling out of land among the Vikings in Northumbria in 876 AD, and in 878 AD moved south and forced most of the population of Wessex to submit. The Vikings had conquered almost the whole of England.

one central belief of buddhism is often referred to as reincarnation -- the concept that people are reborn after dying. buddhism is a philosophy of life expounded by gautama buddha ("buddha" means "enlightened one"), who lived and taught in northern india in the 6th century b.c.