What factors led to the dramatic population growth of europe between 1500 and 1700?

One of the factors was the Columbian exchange.
It is known as Columbian exchange to exchange plants, animals, minerals, people and even ideas that were between America and Europe. This exchange raised the quality of life of people in Europe because I bring riches to the old continent, more food, and technology. The new technologies and plants allowed people to have access to new foods, improving their diet and extending their life expectancy.

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Yes you are cute answer theories to explain the colonization of the new world the last great habitable landmass to be occupied by humans focus on the bering land bridge, or beringia, which emerge by siberia and alaska the last ice age.