Describe major elements that define and influence a society including race, class and gender.

Some of them you mentioned already :

race - the racial make up of the society (it can be informative if the race is coorelated for example with income)

gender - the gender make up of a society, which is usually 50% male and 50% female, but differences from that can cause social problems

class- for example whether the society is more uniform, or whether huge differences between classes exist

other aspects can include

age- can tell us how many people are in a working age

education and literacy - it can help us predict the wealth of the country