According to aaron beck, are irrational thoughts that arise from a systematic bias in the way a person thinks about reality

This question is based on the following paragraph. tomas tiptoed across the room. he made sure not to walk on the spot that always creaked. he opened the squeaky door as slowly as possible. he took one last look in the crib and smiled. was anything more beautiful than a sleeping baby? softly he closed the nursery door and headed down the hall. it had been a long night. what can you infer from this paragraph? a. tomas was ready to start a new day. b. tomas's house needed some repairs. c. tomas had spent a long time getting his child to sleep. d. tomas did not enjoy being a father.

"“forty or fifty years ago, many people thought that simply transferring technologies from industrialized to developing countries would close the technology gap. now we know that technologies developed in industrialized countries may not be suitable for use in other environments. they may require a particular type of infrastructure to operate. they may need specialized parts or knowledge to mend when they break we now understand that innovative capacity must be built in different ways." - united nations secretary-general ban ki-moon based on the secretary general's comments, which of these would be most important for a country to improve? a) native literature b) transportation grid c) cultural traditions d) construction styles

Which label identifies the step labeled w?