PLEASE HELP India’s landmass has been pushing into Asia for millions of years. What are two consequences of this constant pushing?

the factors that the economies of the muslim empires prosper were:

1- land trade routes-located between three continents  

2- sea trade routes

trade contributed to the spread of muslim empires, and with that islamic culture led to a growing feeling of internationalism resulted in the transfer of technology, science, and other cultural forms.

it should be d or b but i'm sure it's d

where is the passage