Among such retractions, does misconduct (fraud, duplication, plagiarism) appear to be a major factor?

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In a study of retractions in biomedical journals, 436 were due to error, 201 were due to plagiarism, 888 were due to fraud, 29 l were duplications of publications, and 287 had other causes (based on data from "Misconduct Accounts for the Majority of Retracted Scientific Publications," by Fang, Steen, Casadevall, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, Vol. 110, No. 3). Among such retractions, does misconduct (fraud, duplication, plagiarism) appear to be a major factor?

This is a case where misconduct becomes an important factor.

Explanation:

This is a case where misconduct becomes an important factor, mainly because fraud is the most prominent type of retraction. In addition, this type of contiguity characterizes a crime and removes the credibility of the institution that housed the execution of these articles, in addition to removing the relevance of those who wrote, promoted and published them. This discredits science in general and can have serious social and legal consequences.

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