What are the obstacles to altering an institution, such as slavery. that is fundamental to a region's economy and way of life?

It is really impossible to change the established institutions of any region and by citing the example of slavery I can say that it needed the change of the mindset of millions.

Explanation:

An ethical issue like slavery has torn the United States apart during the civil war. Slavery was a well-established institution and for southerners, it was important for their economy but the mindset of racial superiority which was fundamental to the institution was challenged all over the globe. It was not easy for some community to leave their higher position in society and it was the issue which became an obstacle to the abolitionist to overcome the issue of slavery.

d

explanation:

it establishes america’s basic laws and fundamentals to its citizens.

the answer to your question is,

d. when a child was born.

-mabel < 3