Why is that some places on earth receive high temperatures and some low

The other answer is correct and informative. However, you must also consider the tilt of the earth. Because the earth is tilted on it’s axis, different regions are closer to the sun at different times of the year, creating seasons (when it’s summer in the northern hemisphere, it’s winter in the southern hemisphere and vice versa). But yes, in a general sense, the parts of the earth closest to the equator (where the earth protrudes most towards the sun) will experience consistently high temperatures while those at the poles (furthest from the sun) will experience low temperatures.