A Van de Graaff generator is one of the original particle accelerators and can be used to accelerate charged particles like protons or electrons. You may have seen it used to make human hair stand on end or produce large sparks. One application of the Van de Graaff generator is to create X-rays by bombarding a hard metal target with the beam. Consider a beam of protons at 1.00 keV and a current of 5.00 mA produced by the generator. (a) What is the speed of the protons? (b) How many protons are produced each second?

a)    v = 4.38 10⁵ m / s,  b)      #_proton = 3.1 10¹⁶ protons

Explanation:

A) for this part we can use conservation of energy

starting point. Fight where the protons come out

          Em₀ = U = qV

final point. Fight where the protons arrive

          Em_f = K = ½ m v²

energy is conserved

           Em₀ = Em_f

           q V = ½ m v²

           v² = 2qV / m

let's calculate

           v² =

           v =

           v = 4.38 10⁵ m / s

B) For this part we can use a direct proportion rule or a res rule. If 1 proton creates a current of (q / t = 1.6 10-19 A), how many protons create a current of 5.00 10-3 A

            # _proton = 5 10⁻³ A ()

            #_proton = 3.1 10¹⁶ protons

relativism, roughly put, is the view that truth and falsity, right and wrong, standards of reasoning, and procedures of justification are products of differing conventions and frameworks of assessment and that their authority is confined to the context giving rise to them. more precisely, “relativism” covers views which maintain that—at a high level of abstraction—at least some class of things have the properties they have (e.g., beautiful, morally good, epistemically justified) not simpliciter, but only relative to a given framework of assessment (e.g., local cultural norms, individual standards), and correspondingly, that the truth of claims attributing these properties holds only once the relevant framework of assessment is specified or supplied. relativists characteristically insist, furthermore, that if something is only relatively so, then there can be no framework-independent vantage point from which the matter of whether the thing in question is so can be established.

relativism has been, in its various guises, both one of the most popular and most reviled philosophical doctrines of our time. defenders see it as a harbinger of tolerance and the only ethical and epistemic stance worthy of the open-minded and tolerant. detractors dismiss it for its alleged incoherence and uncritical intellectual permissiveness. debates about relativism permeate the whole spectrum of philosophical sub-disciplines. from ethics to epistemology, science to religion, political theory to ontology, theories of meaning and even logic, philosophy has felt the need to respond to this heady and seemingly subversive idea. discussions of relativism often also invoke considerations relevant to the very nature and methodology of philosophy and to the division between the so-called “analytic and continental” camps in philosophy. and yet, despite a long history of debate going back to plato and an increasingly large body of writing, it is still difficult to come to an agreed definition of what, at its core, relativism is, and what philosophical import it has. this entry attempts to provide a broad account of the many ways in which “relativism” has been defined, explained, defended and criticized.

explanation:

c. 7/3

step-by-step explanation:

a rational number is like pi- it is a repeating decimal.

a. is -1.8

b. 2.236068

c. 2.3333333333333333333

d.   is 3

i hope that ! =)