Many of the important discoveries of genetics and inheritance came from these: fruit flies
zebras
enzymes

the total distance that martina travels that day is

(distance from home to mom's office) plus (distance from mom's office to school)

plus (distance from school to library) plus (distance from library to friend's house)

plus (distance from friend's house to martina's house).

(we don't know what any of these distance actually is.)

both the fifth and fourteenth amendments of the united states contain a due process clause. while the fifth amendment describes a legal obligation of the federal government to not deprived of life, liberty or property without due process of law, the fourteenth amendment applies the same obligation to the states to guarantee that all of the states provide fair procedures as well.