The quantity of heat Q that changes the temperature L1Tof a mass mof a substance isgiven by Q = cmt:T, where c is the specific heat capacity of the substance. Forexample, forH20,c=1caljg'C",Andfora change of phase, the quantity of heat Q that changes the phase of a mass m is Q = ml., where L is the heat of fusion or heat of vaporization of the substance. For example, for H20, the heat offusion is 80 cal/g (or 80 kcaljkg) and the heat of vaporization is 540 cal/g (or 540 kcaljkg). Use these relationships to determine the number of calories to change (a) 1 kg ofO°C ice to O°C ice water, (b) 1 kg ofO°C ice water to 1 kg of 100°C boiling water, (c) 1 kg of 100°C boiling water to 1 kg of 100°C steam, and (d) 1 kg ofO°C ice to 1 kg of 100°C steam.