An uninsulated steam pipe is used to transport high‐temperature steam from one building to another. The pipe is of 0.5‐m diameter, has a surface temperature of 150°C, and is exposed to ambient air at −10°C. The air moves in cross flow over the pipe with a velocity of 5 m/s. a. What is the heat loss per unit length of pipe?b. Consider the effect of insulating the pipe with a rigid urethane foam (k = 0.026 W/m . K). Evaluate and plot the heat loss as a function of the thickness of the insulation layer for 0 leq delta leq 50 mm.

The heater element of a 120 v toaster is a 5.4 m length of nichrome wire, whose diameter is 0.48 mm. the resistivity of nichrome at the operating temperature of the toaster is 1.3 × 10-6 ω·m. the toaster is operated at a voltage of 120 v. (a) what is the power drawn by the toaster? (b) if the cost of electricity is 12 ¢ per kilowatt-hour, and it takes 2 minutes to toast bread, how much does it cost for toasted bread? (c) when the heater element is at room temperature, is the resistivity in the nichrome wire greater than, less than, or equal to it’s resistivity when at operating temperature? explain.