15. Which amendment established the federal income tax?

16th Amendment

Explanation:

Established on July 2nd, 1909, the 16th Amendment established Congress's right to impose a federal income tax. It gave them the ability to levy these taxes without regard to individual states' populations.

"The Congress shall have power to lay and collect taxes on incomes, from whatever source derived, without apportionment among the several States, and without regard to any census or enumeration."

a is your answer

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d. the right to establish a one-house legislature