What were the effects of the crusades? HELPPP PLSSS

=> an increased presence of Christians in the Levant during the Middle Ages.

=> the development of military orders.

=> a polarisation of the East and West based on religious differences.

=> the specific application of religious goals to warfare in the Levant, Iberian peninsula, and Baltic region, in particular.

=> the increased role and prestige of the popes and the Catholic Church in secular affairs.

=> the souring of relations between the West and the Byzantine Empire leading, ultimately, to the latter's destruction.

=> an increase in the power of the royal houses of Europe.

=> a stronger collective cultural identity in Europe.

=> an increase in xenophobia and intolerance between Christians and Muslims, and between Christians and Jews, heretics and pagans.

=> an increase in international trade and exchange of ideas and technology.

=> an increase in the power of such Italian states as Venice, Genoa, and Pisa.

=> the appropriation of many Christian relics to Europe.

=> the use of a religious historical precedent to justify colonialism, warfare and terrorism.

whose power in the senate is equal to the power of the speaker of the house?

spread of christianity