Compared to Rome, Medieval Europe had less than all of these EXCEPT... had less trade than the Romans.
had less cultural output than the Romans.
had less of a life expectancy than the Romans.
had fewer cities than the Romans.
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The answer is option - had less cultural output than the Romans.

Compared to the rest of Medieval Europe, Rome had more cultural output than any other country in the world at that time.

number 1 is a)

to unite muslims and hindus in resistance against british colonialism.