What action did many colonial women take in reaction to the Townshend Acts?

The Townshend Acts would use the revenue raised by the duties to pay the salaries of colonial governors and judges, ensuring the loyalty of America's governmental officials to the British Crown. However, these policies prompted colonists to take action by boycotting British goods.

Explanation:

They boycotted the acts by holding some mild protests. They created a group like the "Sons of Liberty" but it was named the "Daughters of Liberty." They also decided that instead of buying the goods taxed by the British that they would simply make it themselves: creating clothes, cloths, etc.

by creating a labor shortage that pushed the continent toward a market economy

the answer is a) the proclamation of 1763.