“I have heard it asserted by some, that as America hath (has) flourished under her
former connection with Great Britain, the same
connection is necessary towards her future
happiness, and will always have the same effect.
Nothing can be more fallacious than this kind of
argument ... America would have flourished as
much, and probably much more, had no European
power had anything to do with her.”

What is Thomas Paine trying to say here ?

Thomas Paine is saying the idea that America was doing well while under European rule and must stay under it to be happy in the future is nonsense. He is arguing that we would have done well or maybe even done better had Europe never been involved.

the correct answer is b

hope i someone

the graph shows the spread of railways in the 1800s.

based on the graph, the conclusion that can be drawn about germany is answer d)   by 1880, germany had more rail lines than great britain and russia.