The Ottomans were Muslims. (Sunni/Shia)

Ottomans were sunni muslims

Explanation:

Shia gradually became the glue that held Persia together and distinguished it from the Ottoman empire to its west which was Sunni and the Mughai muslims to the east in India also Sunni .

Sunni

Explanation:

I got it right on the test.

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the conditions that made the byzantine empire vulnerable to attacks by the muslin turks were the sack of constantinople by western crusaders, the conquests of the sultanate of rum, presence of rival kingdoms and finally the set up of fiefdoms at the empire which were owned by the ghazis (turkish warriors).

these civilizations were located around fertile rivers, where they could produce an abundance of crops