How did the cities political bosses grow wealthy?

Political Bosses were the leaders of the political machines, they grew wealthy because they assigned government contracts asking for favors like votes or promoting campaign on their favor, they also controlled financing of campaigns to later ask for recompense. By doing this they reached position in the local government of cities, counties and states and this way concentrated wealth around corruption.

separate but equal was a legal doctrine in united states constitutional law according to which racial segregation did not violate the fourteenth amendment to the united states constitution, which guaranteed "equal protection" under the law to all people. under the doctrine, as long as the facilities provided to each race were equal, state and local governments could require that services, facilities, public accommodations, housing, medical care, education, employment, and transportation be segregated by race, which was already the case throughout the states of the former confederacy. the phrase was derived from a louisiana law of 1890, although the law actually used the phrase "equal but separate

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b) the confederacy had to pay all union war expenses.