How did political machines gain influence in big cities during the late 19th and 20th centuries? a. they women organize protests in their fight for suffrage. b. they consolidated business power in the hands of the bosses and ignored immigrants. c. they hired political bosses at the top of a business pyramid who would quit and become mayors. d. they offered services to voters, immigrants, and businesses in exchange for political and financial support.

Read the excerpt from “pakistan’s malala.” "ziauddin had a revolutionary zeal and deep commitment to education," ellick said this week. "this charming little girl, she is a mini-version of him in many ways. she loves school, homework. whenever she would meet me she had a bookbag full of books." "she didn't have that idealistic activist attitude when she's 10 and 11, because who does? " ellick said. "her situation demanded that she grow up before she should have. she caught his contagious commitment and idealism." which detail best reflects how living in the taliban-ruled swat valley affected malala?