How did the geographic setting of north america- including its relation to asia, europe, and africa- affect its subsequent history?

The American continent is geographically inaccessible and secluded, separated by two oceans from any other countries.  

This made colonization (or invading a country) of North America which possibly only through a sea. That removed and eradicated nations with large armies as threats. The only power that could influence North America was a nation with a powerful and tough navy, like England’s.  

To our north countries like, Canada was resolved by the French, who were our alliances. To the south was Mexico, South America, and Central America.

Thus, at the start, North America had a geographic superiority against any conquering force: distance across an ocean. However, the United States of America can grow and establish their own identities separately from their parent and other countries.

affirmative action refers to the policies that take gender, race, or ethnicity into account in order to promote equal opportunity.

employers subject to title vii are prohibited from taking race or sex into account in any employment decisions. aa is a penalty for having any job group substantially statistically "underutilized" in any race or either sex. the employer must take steps to eliminate the underutilization, then stop, ending its aa efforts