Rock within which are characteristics that are different from layers surrounding it.

Explanation:

Rock Strata: Layer(s) or sedimentary, rock, soil or igneous rock that were formed on Earth's surface

Each layer of the Rock Strata contains different kind of rock, each compacted on top of each other creating a canyon, landform or plateau.

       Rock Strata (plural) will always be horizontal, not vertical. The rocks are not smashed together in columns, they are smashed due to gravity, and gravity smashes the roc straight down, causing them to compact.The crust of the strata will be made up of igneous and metamorphic rock.

it sounds like either a or c

it is very hard for the climatologists to precisely predict how will the global temperatures be changing so there's lots of models, some of which differ significantly, this is due to multiple factors, and probably the most important is the human activity.

humans have been a key factor in climate change around the globe since the start of the industrial revolution, and in the past few decades the consequences are becoming more obvious. there's lots of emission of pollutants in the atmosphere as well as changing the environment on the surface itself, so it's really hard to predict how will that go in the future because there's some countries that are reducing the damage and are going towards green energy, while others are stubbornly continuing with pollution and damages to the environment.