Here take em i'm sure y'all know what to do

Who is ¨ the guilty party¨ at the end of the text, and how do his actions contribute to the storys theme?

Excerpt from incredible oceans roberto barerra (1) the five major oceans—the arctic, the atlantic, the indian, the pacific, and the southern, which are then broken down into smaller seas—provide food for humans and animals, entice explorers, enable trade, and affect the climate and environment the world over. in this sentence from paragraph 1, the word entice means a) amaze. b) attract. c) exhaust. d) feed.

Besides the skull and cross bones what other shape sometimes appeared on flags flown by pirates?