Research examining groups of deaf children who had no exposure to formal spoken or signed languages has demonstrated that a. children rarely go beyond the linguistic input they receive. b. although children sometimes go beyond the linguistic input they receive, their spontaneous language remains far from qualifying as a true language. c. children do go beyond the linguistic input they receive, and their spontaneous language can develop into a true language. d. children who are not exposed to a formal language are unable to comprehend or produce language.