Which excerpt from tinker v. des moines shows how precedent support an argument?

a. "in the absence of a specific showing of constitutionally valid reasons to regulate their speech, students are entitled to freedom of expression of their views. as judge gewin, speaking for the fifth circuit, said, school officials cannot suppress 'expressions of feelings with which they do not wish to contend.'"
b. "cf. hammond [p514] v. south carolina state college, 272 f. supp. 947 (d. c.s. c.1967) (orderly protest meeting on state college campus); dickey v. alabama state board of education, 273 f. supp. 613 (d. c.m. d. ala. 967) (expulsion of student editor of college newspaper)."
c. "while the absence of obscene remarks or boisterous and loud disorder perhaps justifies the court's statement that the few armband students did not actually "disrupt" the classwork, i think the record overwhelmingly shows that the armbands did exactly what the elected school officials and principals foresaw they would."
d. "one does not need to be a prophet or the son of a prophet to know that, after the court's holding today, some students in iowa schools — and, indeed, in all schools — will be ready, able, and willing to defy their teachers on practically all orders.

A."In the absence of a specific showing of constitutionally valid reasons to regulate their speech, students are entitled to freedom of expression of their views. As Judge Gewin, speaking for the Fifth Circuit, said, school officials cannot suppress 'expressions of feelings with which they do not wish to contend.'"

Explanation:

In this excerpt, the speaker tells us that a specific showing of constitutionally valid reasons to regulate speech was not found. This shows the importance of precedent. The doctrine of precedent is the idea that judges must inform their decisions by studying past judicial decisions. In this case, the fact that there was no precedent that could justify the regulation of speech means that the judges could not conclude that the regulation of speech had a legitimate constitutional basis.

explanation:

related words: : : : : : :

administration noun

the government of a country

affairs

events and activities relating to the government, politics, economy, etc. of a country, region, or the world

the corridors (of power)

the places where people use their political influence and major political decisions are made

government

the process, method, or effects of governing

play politics

to use politics for your own reasons, without caring about the effects on other people

political

relating to politics

political

interested or involved in politics

politically

in a political way

politicize

to bring an issue, organization, way of doing something, etc. to the attention of the public so that it can be discussed

politicize

to make someone more interested and involved in politics

politicking

political activity by someone who is only interested in doing things for their own advantage, not in other people

politics

the ideas and activities involved in getting power in a country or over a particular area of the world

politics

the profession of being a politician

politics

the ideas and activities used by people within a particular group to try to get power

public affairs

political issues that affect most people

public life

work that involves being known to a lot of people, especially in politics, but also in religion and education

public office

a job in the government that you have because you were chosen or elected

public service

work or important positions in the government, or in organizations controlled by the government

representation

in politics, the job of officially people and making decisions for them

sociopolitical

involving a combination of social and political matters

state

the government of a country