Consider dvs implemented in 0.8 um cmos technology with fox = tom and. lov = 0.1 um a ring oscillator is designed to mimic the critical path in the system using thirteen stages of minimum size inverters with load capacitances at each stage equivalent to six on-chip loads.

a. calculate and plot the ring oscillator frequency as a function of the supply voltage assuming = p = 0.3v for all devices iv sv s 5v
b. calculate and plot the switching power versus the supply voltage for a symmetric inverter in the system. assume the system clock frequency is derived from the ring oscillator, the switching activity is 0.2, and the on- chip fan-out is 6. [25]

A3-mm-thick panel of aluminum alloy (k 177 w/m-k, c 875 j/kg-k and ? = 2770 kg/m) is finished on both sides with an epoxy coating that must be cured at or above t,-150°c for at least 5 min. the production line for the curing operation involves two steps: (1) heating in a large oven with air at ts,0-175°c and a convection coefficient of h, 40 w/m2. k, and (2) cooling in a large chamber with air at 25°c and a con- vection coefficient of he 10 w/m2.k. the heating portion of the process is conducted over a time interval te which exceeds the ime required to reach 150°c by 5 min (h = r + 300 s). the coating has an emissivity of ? = 0.8, and the temperatures of the oven and chamber walls are 175 and 25°c, respectively. if the panel is placed in the oven at an initial temperature of 25°c and removed from the chamber at a safe-to-touch tempera ture of 37°c, what is the total elapsed time for the two-step curing operation?