Which of the following processes would be a violation of the second law of thermodynamics? (there may be more than one correct choice.)

a: all the kinetic energy of an object is transformed into heat.
b: all the heat put into the operating gas of a heat engine during one cycle is transformed into work.
c: a refrigerator removes 100 cal of heat from milk while using only 75.0 cal of electrical energy to operate.
d: a heat engine does 25.0 j of work while expelling only 10.0 j of heat to the cold reservoir.

Fluids at rest possess no flow energy. a)- true b)- false

What is the heat treatment of metals? what is the benefit of it? why and how it's useful? answer in details, do not write by hand.

1kg of water contained in a piston-cylinder assembly undergoes two processes in series from an initial state where the pressure is 3.0 bar and the temperature is 150°c process 1-2: the water is compressed isothermally to a volume of 0.25 m^3 with 120 kj of work being done to the system. process 2-3: the water is heated at constant volume to a final pressure of 10 bar. a. find the change in internal energy for the system. b. calculate the amount of heat transferred, in kj. c. sketch both processes on a t-v diagram. (196.33 kj/kg, 76.33 kj)