Using Excel, Ellen has entered all of her monthly expenses. She needs to create a formula that will deduct her monthly expenses from her monthly income. Since her monthly income is the same amount each month, she uses a(n) to identify the cell containing the income value.

Which of the following statements is false? a. a class can directly inherit from class object. b. if the class you're inheriting from declares instance variables as private, the inherited class can access those instance variables directly. c. a class's instance variables are normally declared private to enforce good software engineering. d. it's often much more efficient to create a class by inheriting from a similar class than to create the class by writing every line of code the new class requires.