Example of positive outcome of mutation

Iknow the answer to 13 is b and 14 is d. i just need to know why the correct answers are correct

The wave shown on the electromagnetic spectrum disturb the medium it passes through a)different frequency. b)the same frequency .

100 grams of molten lead (600°c) is used to make musket balls. if the lead shot is allowed to cool to room temperature (21°c), what is the change in entropy (in j/k) of the lead? (for the specific heat of molten and solid lead use 1.29 j/g⋅°c; the latent heat of fusion and the melting point of lead are 2.45 × 104 j/kg and 327°c, respectively.)