Organizational structuring companies have four general issues to consider when attempting to design their organization for responsiveness. these issues include centralization or decentralization, span of control, tall versus flat organization structures, and departmentalization. each characteristic is an advantage or disadvantage of a centralized or decentralized organization. when structuring the organization for market responsiveness, leaders have four general issues to consider. these issues each have advantages and disadvantages. when considering centralization versus decentralization, organizations must consider whether top management should retain greater control. when considering departmentalization, leaders must consider the gains in efficiency versus less communication and groupthink.