One of the provisions of federal anti-smoking legislation imposes restrictions on federal economic development grants, which were awarded to states to promote and assist small businesses in urban areas. The legislation mandates that grants will be reduced by 10% for any state that fails to require businesses engaged in the sale of cigarettes to take steps to avoid sales to minors, including checking drivers' licenses or photo ID cards. A tobacco-growing state that receives several million dollars under the federal grant program challenged the constitutionality of the provision in federal district court. The state established that the federal provision affects businesses that do not operate in interstate commerce. Should the court uphold the federal provision

Part i a company's cereal is not selling well. create a 10-15-question survey that measures customers' preferences for the company's cereal product. then, answer the following questions: how many scale items will you put in the survey? justify your answer. will you use multiple-choice questions? why or why not? how many scale points will you use in the survey? justify your answer. what data type will be used in the survey? justify your answer. part ii as a second part of this assignment, create a set of survey questions, assuming that you sell cars. you are attempting to measure how customers perceive the quality of the cars that you sell. create three survey questions with simple category scales. justify why you selected those questions and scales. create three survey questions with multiple-choice, single-response scales. justify why you selected those questions and scales. create three survey questions with multiple-choice, multiple-response scales. justify why you selected those questions and scales. create three survey questions with likert scale summated ratings. justify why you selected those questions and scales.

Each of the four independent situations below describes a sales-type lease in which annual lease payments of $12,500 are payable at the beginning of each year. each is a finance lease for the lessee. (fv of $1, pv of $1, fva of $1, pva of $1, fvad of $1 and pvad of $1) (use appropriate factor(s) from the tables provided.) situation 1 2 3 4 lease term (years) 3 3 3 3 asset’s useful life (years) 3 4 4 6 lessor’s implicit rate (known by lessee) 14 % 14 % 14 % 14 % residual value: guaranteed by lessee 0 $ 5,000 $ 2,500 0 unguaranteed 0 0 $ 2,500 $ 5,000 purchase option: after (years) none 2 3 3 exercise price n/a $ 7,500 $ 1,500 $ 3,500 reasonably certain? n/a no no yes

(a) what was the opportunity cost of non-gm food for many buyers before 2008? (b) why did they prefer the alternative? (c) what was the opportunity cost in 2008? (d) why did it change?