Trade policy instruments are designed with one thing in mind: protectionism. Most are unambiguously pro-domestic producer and anti-consumer. Domestic producers mainly gain due to greater protection from foreign competition, whereas consumers lose by facing higher prices and lower product variety. Governments intervene in international trade for political and economic reasons. Choices are abundant when selecting from the "arsenal" of trade weapons, including tariffs, subsidies, import quotas, voluntary export restraints (VERs), local content requirements (LCRs), administrative policies, and antidumping duties. Nations usually adopt trade regulations to achieve stated national objectives, but these regulations may have undesirable effects on many sectors of the economy, including higher prices for consumers, overproduction of agricultural products, and the insulation of nonefficient producers.

What are the general categories of capital budget scenarios? describe the overall decision-making context for each.

9. tax types: taxes are classified based on whether they are applied directly to income, called direct taxes, or to some other measurable performance characteristic of the firm, called indirect taxes. identify each of the following as a “direct tax,” an “indirect tax,” or something else: a. corporate income tax paid by a japanese subsidiary on its operating income b. royalties paid to saudi arabia for oil extracted and shipped to world markets c. interest received by a u. s. parent on bank deposits held in london d. interest received by a u. s. parent on a loan to a subsidiary in mexico e. principal repayment received by u. s. parent from belgium on a loan to a wholly owned subsidiary in belgium f. excise tax paid on cigarettes manufactured and sold within the united states g. property taxes paid on the corporate headquarters building in seattle h. a direct contribution to the international committee of the red cross for refugee relief i. deferred income tax, shown as a deduction on the u. s. parent’s consolidated income tax j. withholding taxes withheld by germany on dividends paid to a united kingdom parent corporation

The following information is for alex corp: product x: revenue $12.00 variable cost $4.50 product y: revenue $44.50 variable cost $9.50 total fixed costs $75,000 what is the breakeven point assuming the sales mix consists of two units of product x and one unit of product y?