How do hydrogen (cation+) gradients develop within thylakoids?

(6.02 mc)what affect do marine protected areas have on environmental quality? they increase environmental quality by preventing resource overuse. they increase environmental quality by adding new species. they decrease environmental quality by removing all human activity. they decrease environmental quality by adding recycling facilities.

During convection, less dense fluid rises and denser fluid sinks.

What mistake did john needham make that caused him to conclude that spontaneous generation for microorganisms occurred? a. he re-contaminated his boiled broth solutions. b. he destroyed the vital force in the solutions. c. he did not boil his broth solutions, only warmed them. d. he failed to seal his flasks of boiled broth. e. he allowed his assistant to conduct the experiment which he did not monitor closely.