36. Supposed Mars has (or had) life, which of the following kinds of extremophiles are not expected on Mars? A) Hyperthermophiles B) Xerophiles C) Lithophiles D) Anaerobic extremophiles
37. Which Viking experiment showed initial evidence for still existing life on the Martian surface that has been refuted short time after by most scientists? A) Gas-Exchange Experiment B) Labeled Release Experiment C) Mass Spectrometer Experiment D) Answers A), B), and C)
38. How is the mass and size of Venus in comparison to Earth? A) Larger than those of Earth B) About the same C) Slightly smaller than those of Earth (about 90% to 95% in comparison) D) Much smaller than those of Earth (about 10% in comparison) E) Undetermined
39. When comparing Earth and Venus, which is the main difference regarding the planetary CO2 deposition? A) None B) Regarding Venus CO2 is mostly found in the atmosphere, whereas for Earth it is found in its geochemistry and oceans. C) Regarding Earth CO, is mostly found in the atmosphere, whereas for Venus it is found in its geochemistry and oceans. D) There is virtually no CO2 present on Earth.
40. Although considered to be a super-long shot, where is the best place to search for life on Venus? A) Venus's surface, near its equator B) Venus's surface, close to the poles C) Underground D) High atmosphere
41. In September 2020, which gas has been identified on Venus, which according to the authors) represents possible evidence for life? A) H2O water vapor B) PH, phosphine C) CH4 methane D) NH3 ammonia E) OG ozone
42. Which solar system planet (s) is/are host(s) to Europa and Enceladus? A) Mars B) Jupiter and Saturn, respectively C) Saturn and Jupiter, respectively D) Mars and Jupiter, respectively E) Mars and Saturn, respectively
43. How many moons are hosted by Jupiter and Saturn combined, which (if orbiting the Sun) based on their size would most likely be counted as planets? A) 1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 4 E) 5
44. What is the size of Europa? A) Similar to Earth B) Similar to Mars C) Similar to Earth's Moon D) Much smaller than Earth's Moon
45. What are possible significant sources of energy in Europa? A) Tidal Energy B) Thermal Energy C) Magnetic Energy D) Answers A) and B) E) Answers A), B), and C)
46. Which of the following constitutes observational evidence that Europa might have an under- ground ocean? A) The cracks and rills in Europa's crust B) The magnetic field of Europa C) The number of craters on Europa D) Answers A) and B) E) Answers A), B), and C)
47. Which of the following is not evidence that Europa has an underground ocean? A) The cracks and rills in Europa's crust B) The magnetic field of Europa C) The numbers of craters on Europa D) The size of Europa
48. What and where) is Xanadu? A) Xanadu is a string of craters on Mars B) Xanadu is a set of grooves on Europa C) Xanadu is a "continent" on Titan D) Xanadu is a geological feature near the North pole of Enceladus
49. What is the type of "dynamic interaction" between Europa, Io, and Ganymede? A) Constant force of gravity B) Dynamic resonances C) Tidal interaction D) Answers A), B), and C) E) Answers B) and C)
50. Assumed that the most optimistic scenario occurred with life existing on Europa, how does the expected biomass compare to that of Earth? A) It is expected to be much larger B) It is expected to be somewhat larger C) It is expected to be similar to that of Earth D) It is expected to be much smaller
51. What is the most decisive characteristic of Titan? A) A large, moon-wide ocean B) Ongoing volcanism C) A thick, hazy atmosphere D) Being a strong source of UV and X-ray radiation E) Answers B) and C)
52. What is the dominant constituent of the Titan atmosphere? A) NH3 B) N2 C) CH4 D) 02 E) CO2
53. Where can we find the lake Ontario Lacus? A) On Titan (southern hemisphere) B) On Mars (near Mars's equator, although currently (mostly] dry) C) On Europa (south-eastern region) D) On Io (typically filled with hot magma, due to ongoing volcanic eruptions)
54. What is an important feature in the atmosphere of Titan? A) Strong magnetic fields B) Probable existence of liquids (rain) C) C-H chemistry, including other elements such as N and O D) Answers B) and C) E) Answers A), B), and C)The sun is important in the formation of most energy sources on Earth. Select the examples of ways the sun
provides energy to the Earth.
A. Energy in Fossil Fuels
B. Energy in Food
C. Plants Making Sugar
D. Weather on Earth
E. Warm Temperature of Earth
