To enhance diagnostic specificity, dsm-5 replaced the previous "not otherwise specified" (nos) designation with two options for clinical use: other specified [disorder] and unspecified [disorder]. which of the following statements about use of the unspecified designation is true?
a. the unspecified designation is used when the clinician chooses not to specify the reason that criteria for a specific disorder were not met.
b. the unspecified designation is used when there is no recognized other specified disorder (e. g. recurrent brief depressions, sexual aversion).
c. the unspecified designation is used when the individual has fewer than three symptoms of any of the recognized disorders within the diagnostic class.
d. the unspecified designation is used when the individual presents with symptomatology
of disorders in two or more diagnostic classes.
e. the unspecified designation is used when the clinician believes the condition is of a
temporary nature.

In what way are cities microclimates?

How are the testes and ovaries similar? a. both produce sex cells. b. both connect internal reproductive organs to the exterior. c. both transport sex cells from their site of production. d. both store mature sex cells.

To answer this question, researchers studied populations of the dusky salamander (desmognathus ochrophaeus) living on different mountain ranges in the southern appalachian mountains. the researchers tested the reproductive isolation of pairs of salamander populations by leaving one male and one female together and later checking the females for the presence of sperm. four mating combinations were tested for each pair of populations (a and b)—two within the same population (female a with male a and female b with male b) and two between populations (female a with male b and female b with male a). the proportion of successful matings for each mating combination was measured. for example, when all the matings of a particular combination were successful, the researchers gave it a value of 1; when none of the matings were successful, they gave it a value of 0. then the researchers calculated an index of reproductive isolation that ranged from 0 (no isolation) to 2 (full isolation). the reproductive isolation value for two populations is the sum of the proportion of successful matings of each type within populations (aa + bb) minus the sum of the proportion of successful matings of each type between populations (ab + ba). the table provides data for the geographic distances and reproductive isolation values for 27 pairs of dusky salamander populations.