The final step in glycolysis catalyzed by pyruvate kinase couples the hydrolysis of phosphoenolpyruvate (pep) to the formation of atp via substrate-level phosphorylation of adp. if the δg°' of atp + h2o → adp + pi + h+ is –30.5 kj/mol and the δg°' of the coupled reaction is –31.4 kj/mol, what is the δg°' of pep + h2o → pyruvate + pi?

this protocol provides a detailed procedure for co-immunoprecipitation (co-ip) to identify protein–protein interactions.

step 1: nitrogen fixation- conversion of atmospheric no₂ into forms useful to plants by lightning, bacteria, and cyanobacteria.

step 2: nitrification-process of converting ammonia to nitrite or nitrate.

step 3: assimilation-plant roots absorb new form of nitrogen.

step 4: ammonification-conversion of organic nitrogen to ammonia by bacteria involved in decomposition.

step 5: denitrification-bacteria turns the decomposed matter back into n₂o, which is released into atmosphere; repeat cycle.

examples of nucleic acids are deoxyribonucleic acid (dna) and ribonucleic acid (rna).