During crossing-over, a. genetic material is exchanged between nonsister chromatids, resulting in new combinations of alleles. b. nonsister chromatids from each homologous chromosome of a tetrad are exchanged, resulting in new combinations of alleles. c. one homologous chromosome of a tetrad is exchanged with another tetrad, resulting in new combinations of alleles. d. sister chromatids from each homologous chromosome of a tetrad are exchanged, resulting in new combinations of alleles. e. genetic material is exchanged between sister chromatids, resulting in new combinations of alleles.

answerall of the above;

oxygen is the first element in group 16 (via) of the periodic table. the periodic table is a chart that shows how chemical elements are related to each other. the elements in group 16 are said to belong to the chalcogen family. other elements in this group include  sulfur, selenium, tellurium,  and  polonium.  the name chalcogen comes from the greek word  chalkos,  meaning "ore." the first two members of the family, oxygen and sulfur, are found in most ores.

oxygen is by far the most abundant element in the earth's crust. nearly half of all the atoms in the earth are oxygen atoms. oxygen also makes up about one-fifth of the earth's atmosphere. nearly 90 percent of the weight of the oceans is due to oxygen. in addition, oxygen is thought to be the third most abundant element in the universe and in the solar system.