Connotation refers to the . -positive or negative feeling associated with a word
-dictionary definition of a word
-impact of a word on the plot of a story
-logical conclusion that a reader forms

connotation refers to the emotional meaning piano wordso it's the positive or negative feeling associated with a word

i'm not sure i completely understand your question, but i will do my best.

i think the answer you are looking for is sequence. (see below)

a repeated melodic fragment would be best defined as repetition, while repeated chords (different or the same) could be a chord progression. however, you then mentioned the chord and melodic fragment beginning on higher or lower pitches, in that case, the answer could be best defined as a sequence. the definition of a sequence is as follows: "the restatement of a motif or longer melodic (or harmonic) passage at a higher or lower pitch in the same voice."

let me know if this !