Contractions A contraction is a shortened form of two words. In a contraction, an
apostrophe takes the place of the missing letters.
Examples: I am = I’m you have = you’ve it is = it’s

Directions: Change the words in ( ) into a contraction.

Visit this link for a chart of some common contractions: Wikipedia:List of English contractions - Wikipedia (Links to an external site.)

PART I

1. (we are) going to the fair this weekend.
2. He said that he (would not) go with me.
3. (it is) time to go to bed.
4. It (is not) too late to enter the contest.
5. I (will not) be able to finish my homework.
6. Do you think (you will) have fun at the party.
7. I (do not) know what (should have) been done.
8. (who did) you say was coming for dinner tonight?
9. (we will) ask them if (they have) seen our dog.
10. You (will not) have time to complete the project.
11. (there is) never enough money to pay the bills.
12. The answer (was not) correct.
13. If (you would) like to go, (I will) take you.
14. I knew (she would) want to buy that ring.

PART II

Directions: Find the two words in each sentence that can make a contraction and underline them. Then,
write the contraction on the line.

1. If we know this, we will make some money for sure! we’ll (Example)
2. Rocky has not given up the fight yet.
3. They are going to help us get through this.
4. He does not seem to understand simple instructions.
5. She will go to the dance with you.
6. I will not give up my dreams for this.
7. The pirate will not learn to swim.
8. It would not be that hard for him.
9. Who are these people and what do they want?
10. I could not stop if I tried.
11. How is that project coming along?
12. If it were not for his behavior, the class would be eating lunch now.
13. Ask as many questions as you want; it is your business.
14. If I were you, I would try a little harder.
15. I have given up on waiting for her.
16. I hate cupcakes: they will be the death of me.
17. Please do not throw things in class.
18. I have not even started doing make-up work.
19. This will be tough if you were not listening.
20. Let us work really hard on this unit since it’s so important.
21. He has not even started his homework!

answer:

key word they didn't invent oxygen.

discover-find (something or someone) unexpectedly or in the course of a search.

invent-create or design (something that has not existed before); be the originator of.

answer:

doing this for points

answer:

Explanation:

Differentiate between culture and society.

Distinguish between biological and cultural explanations of human behaviour.

Compare and contrast cultural universalism, cultural relativism, ethnocentrism, and androcentrism.

Examine the policy of multiculturalism as a solution to the problem of diversity.

3.2. Elements of Culture

Understand the basic elements of culture: values, beliefs, and norms.

Explain the significance of symbols and language to a culture.

Describe the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis.

Distinguish material and nonmaterial culture.

3.3. Culture as Innovation: Pop Culture, Subculture, and Global Culture

Distinguish two modes of culture: innovation and restriction.

Discuss the distinction between high culture, pop culture, and postmodern culture.

Differentiate between subculture and counterculture.

Understand the role of globalization in cultural change and local lived experience.

3.4. Culture as Restriction: Rationalization and Commodification

Describe culture as a form of restriction on social life.

Explain the implications of rationalization and consumerism.

3.5. Theoretical Perspectives on Culture

Discuss the major theoretical approaches to cultural interpretation.

Introduction to Culture

People ordering at a fast food restaurant.

Figure 3.2. Fast food nation. (Photo courtesy of Jon Bunting/Flickr)

Are there rules for eating at McDonald’s? Generally, we do not think about rules in a fast food restaurant because they are designed to be casual, quick, and convenient. But if you look around one on a typical weekday, you will see people acting as if they were trained for the role of fast food customer. They stand in line, pick their items from overhead menus before they order, swipe debit cards to pay, and stand to one side to collect trays of food. After a quick meal, customers wad up their paper wrappers and toss them into garbage cans. This is a food system that has become highly rationalized in Max Weber’s terms. Customers’ movement through this fast food routine is orderly and predictable, even if no rules are posted and no officials direct the process.

If you want more insight into these unwritten rules, think about what would happen if you behaved according to some other standards. (You would be doing what sociologists call a “breaching experiment” in ethnomethodology: deliberately disrupting social norms in order to learn about them.) For example: call ahead for reservations; ask the cashier detailed questions about the food’s ingredients or how it is prepared; barter over the price of the burgers; ask to have your meal served to you at your table; or throw your trash on the ground as you leave. Chances are you will elicit hostile responses from the restaurant employees and your fellow customers. Although the rules are not written down, you will have violated deep seated tacit norms that govern behaviour in fast food restaurants.

This example reflects a broader theme in the culture of food and diet. What are the rules that govern what, when, and how we eat? Michael Pollan (b. 1955), for example, contrasts the North American culture of fast food with the intact traditions of eating sit-down, family meals that still dominate in France and other European nations (2006). Despite eating foods that many North Americans think of as unhealthy — butter, wheat, triple-cream cheese, foie gras, wine, etc. — the French, as a whole, remain healthier and thinner than North Americans.