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1. d. Scholar.

A scholar is highly knowledgeable in a field of study and so is said to be a literary authority because their views on a subject are expected to be backed up by the wealth of knowledge they posses.

2. a. Weary

To be weary means to be very tired.

3. d. Clatter.

When hard objects hit each other continuously, the sound they make it a clatter. The tire chains are striking each other repeatedly and making said sound.

4. b. Trudged.

A person that is trudging through something is walking slowly and with difficulty because they are either tired or the conditions around them are so extreme that they are forced to walk that way.

5. a. Rationed

To ration something out means to give it out in a limited quantity or fixed quantity.

6. b. Volunteered.

To volunteer means to offer to do something.