Which of the following is not an example of thoughtful message encoding? a. using constructive criticism when evaluating a contest entry b. speaking to someone in their own language when traveling to another country c. dressing in a nice gown for a formal event d. issuing a loud, angry complaint about the meal you just had in a restaurant

d

Explanation: only because it really isn't a thoughtful  message encoding. just because you didn't like the meal doesn't mean you have to be loud and say it being disrespectful it would be understanding that you have a complaint but it just makes more sense

the answer is: apostrophe and allusion.

apostrophe refers to a poetic technique that is used to address an absent individual or an abstract idea/being. allusion on the other hand is a poetic technique that being done by making an indirect reference to other person with a high level of significance (could be historically or culturally significant)