Ricardo read this excerpt from A Black Hole Is NOT a Hole by Carolyn Cinami DeCristofano. Discoveries of black holes exploded in the late 1900s and early 2000s. What scientists found reads like a cast of characters for a mixed-up fairy tale. First they discovered the small ("Baby Bear") black holes, then the giant "Papas." But where were the medium "Mama Bear" black holes? It just didn't make sense that there would be smalls and larges but no mediums. Astronomers began the search, and found them. There's just one size that still hasn't been found, even though it has been predicted. The tiniest of all, the "Tom Thumbs" of the black-hole world, have yet to be discovered—if they even exist. After reading the excerpt, Ricardo made a text-to-text connection. Which example is a text-to-text connection? Ricardo had read a children’s story with a character named “Tom Thumb,” so he understood the author’s description of the “tiniest” black holes. Ricardo had watched a video about big discoveries in space, so he had some background information on the subject of the excerpt. While reading the excerpt, Ricardo remembered playing a game when he was a child that had a “Papa Bear,” “Mama Bear,” and “Baby Bear.” While reading the excerpt, Ricardo remembered hearing about black holes in school, and it made him interested to learn more.