What apps are good for memorising languages for a test?

Ano po ba ang pamatnig ng pagpapatotooat mga halimbawa po nito

But we pulled at the grill [on the ground] and it gave way. and then we saw iron rings as steps leading down a shaft into a darkness without bottom. … it was a great tunnel. its walls were hard and smooth to the touch; it felt like stone, but it was not stone. on the ground there were long thin tracks of iron, but it was not iron; it felt smooth and cold as glass. we knelt, and we crawled forward, our hand groping along the iron line to see where it would lead. but there was an unbroken night ahead. what is the most likely explanation for the walls described in the bold text?

Arecent article in newsweek stated that 25 percent of students entering collage read below the 10th grade level. is this statement an fact or an opinion?