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Question 2a. Explain in English the demonstrative adjectives “aquel, aquella, aquellos, aquellas.” What do these words mean? How does “aquel” differ from “ese”? (Please provide examples.)

¿Ves aquel avión en el cielo?

Do you see that plane in the sky (over there)?

Aquella fotografía antigua del pueblo era preciosa.

That old photograph (over there) of the town was lovely.

Prefiero aquellos lápices de colores.

I prefer those coloured pencils (over there).

María olvidó aquellas chaquetas en el tren.

María forgot those jackets (over there) on the train.

In the examples above, aquel, aquella, aquellos and aquellas are translated as that (over there) and those (over there) and they all refer to a further distance from the speaker.

Bear in mind that although demonstrative adjectives are used generally to denote physical things/people, they can also be used to refer to abstract things or ideas. In these cases which demonstrative adjective we use depends on how "near" or "far" we feel from these abstract things or ideas.