1. constante : constantemente
2. gradual : gradualmente
3. perfecto : perfectamente
4. real : realmente
5. frecuente : frecuentemente
6. tranquilo : tranquilamente
7. regular : regularmente
8. maravilloso : maravillosamente
9. normal : normalmente
10. básico : básicamente
11. fortunado : fortunadamente
Explanation:
Word formation: adjective to adverb.
1. The first adjective we have is constante meaning constant, lasting. It is one of the adjectives that end in -e and it came into the Spanish language from Latin (constans) where it meant steady, firm. Constante in Spanish keeps the same form for both masculin and feminine nouns. In plural it gives constantes for both genders. The adverb is formed by adding -mente on the singular form.
2. The adjective gradual holds the same meaning as in English - gradual, progressive. It came from the Latin word gradus which means step (thus the adjective meaning step by step). It has the same form for both genders and its plural form is graduales. The suffix -mente is added onto the singular form of the adjective.
3. Perfecto means perfect. This adjective has different forms for both genders as well as their singular and plural forms. We say una ropa perfecta for the feminine gender, and un viaje perfecto for the masculine gender. Both perfecto and perfecta form the plural form adding the ending -s: perfectos, perfectas. The suffix is added onto the feminine singular form.
4. The adjective real has two different meanings in Spanish. What we think of first is real, true. But real also means royal in Spanish (think of Real Madrid, for example). It has one form for both genders and in plural gives reales. The adverb is formed just by adding the suffix -mente onto its singular form.
5. The fifth adjective, frecuente means frequent. It is one of the adjectives ending in -e and these adjectives maintain the same form whether they are associated to feminine or masculine gender words. In plural it takes the plural ending -s giving frecuentes. The adverb is formed using the suffix -mente added to its singular form.
6. The adjective tranquilo gives calm, tranquil in English. It ends in -o meaning there different forms for both genders. Un hombre tranquilo is a calm man, but una mujer tranquila is a calm woman. The ending -a is for feminine nouns and the adverb is created by adding -mente onto the feminine form. The plural form of the adjective is formed by adding the ending -s to the feminine and masculine form respectively.
7. The meaning of the adjective regular is the same as in English, regular, arranged. It has one singular form which stays the same whether the noun were feminine or masculine. We get the plural form by adding the ending -es and the adverb is formed using the usual suffix -mente added to the singular form.
8. Maravilloso is the Spanish word for wonderful. The feminine form is different and is created with the ending -a. It is also the base for the formation of the adverb, formed by the suffix -mente added to the feminine form. In plural, it receives the ending -s to either its feminine or masculine form, depending on the noun it describes.
9. The adjective normal obviously gives normal in English. Its singular form stays the same for both genders. The plural is created regularly, with the plural ending -es added onto the singular form - normales. The singular form is also the base for the formation of the adverb by adding the suffix -mente.
10. The adjective básico means basic, fundamental. It has two different forms in singular (un vocabulario básico/una regla básica) and the plural is formed by adding the ending -s to its feminine or masculine form, in accordance with the noun it follows. Like all adjectives of its type, básico receives the suffix -mente onto its feminine form.
11. In English, fortunado means fortunate, lucky. Its feminine form is fortunada and the plural receives the ending -s depening on the noun it describes (fortunados/fortunadas). All adjectives that have a feminine form use it as a base for the formation of the adverb: fortunada - fortunadamente.
Happy learning!
