In longitudinal research, predicted longer survival, after many factors known to affect mortality were controlled. formal, but not informal, participation in religious activities spirituality that is at ease with mystery and uncertainty both organized and informal religious participation faith that accepts one's own belief system as one of many possible worldviews

In longitudinal research, both organized and informal religious participation predicted longer survival, after many factors known to affect mortality were controlled. Formal, but not informal, participation in religious activities spirituality that is at ease with mystery and uncertainty both organized and informal religious participation faith that accepts one's own belief system as one of many possible worldviews.  

this null effect is caused by a weak manipulation and ineffective internal validity. in a scientific study, as the one dr. morimoto is trying to perfom, internal validity refers to the confidence placed in the cause-effect relationship and to how well an experiment is done and able to eliminate confounding variables.