If a dog learns to ignore vehicles that drive past its house without stopping, the dog's behavior has probably been altered through the type of learning known as

The correct answer is habituation. 

Habituation refers to a learning process wherein an individual or animals shows a decrease in response or no response to a stimulus after repeated exposure to it. In other words, an individual or animals has "got used to" the stimulus, due to which it no longer captures attention and the individual stops responding to it. An example of habituation is getting used to and not reacting to loud conversations around you at work because you are used to it.