Thomas sowell studied the scores of categories of people in intelligence tests and concluded that: question 33 options: a. people's culture explains much variation in intelligence test scores. b. all individuals have the same intelligence. c. all categories of people have the same average test performance. d. all of the above are correct.

an informal structure in a bureaucracy would be something like so-called "office politics". where there's a formal structure set up for the organization, but then an informal subculture as well that has a way of organizing the bureaucracy further. this can be positive because it sets up an added degree of organization, albeit informal, within the bureaucracy.