Ais an argument that uses written justification in the form of definitions, properties, postulates, and previously proved theorems and corollaries to show that a conclusion is true.

What is the name of this mountain range found in northern africa?

Using mr smith and his id, identify two potential internal validity threats that might affect the a—b design. tell me how that threat might impact conclusions in the a—b design. note #1: you cannot use maturation (since i already did that one for note #2: there are some mr smith id threats that won’t have much impact in a single case design.

The authors of the paper "fudging the numbers: distributing chocolate influences student evaluations of an undergraduate course"† carried out a study to see if events unrelated to an undergraduate course could affect student evaluations. students enrolled in statistics courses taught by the same instructor participated in the study. all students attended the same lectures and one of six discussion sections that met once a week. at the end of the course, the researchers chose three of the discussion sections to be the "chocolate group." students in these three sections were offered chocolate prior to having them fill out course evaluations. students in the other three sections were not offered chocolate. the researchers concluded that "overall, students offered chocolate gave more positive evaluations than students not offered chocolate." indicate whether the study is an observational study or an experiment. give a brief explanation for your choice.