Ruth is listening to her teacher while ignoring the noise coming from a nearby classroom. her attention allocation is

Her attention allocation is Selective

Selective attention allocation refers to allocating our mental focus to observe one specific things while ignoring the others.
In information gathering, selective attention tend to resulted in a much more efficient results but it tend to slow our response if another stimulus arise during the process.

The correct answer is "  it was believed that the dispute emerged in 632 just after the death of the prophet muhammad."